IOMMMS Global Materials Forum: Materials in a Green Economy: An International Perspective: Session I Sponsored by: The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, TMS: Materials and Society Committee, TMS: Public and Governmental Affairs Committee Program Organizers: Sanak Mishra, Arcelor Mittal India; Jud Ready, Georgia Tech; Christina Meskers, Umicore
Monday PM March 12, 2012 Room: Northern A4 Location: Dolphin Resort Session Chair: Sanak Mishra, ArcelorMittal India Limited; Diran Apelian, Worcester Polytechnic Institute ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2:10 PM Invited The Role of Materials Recycling in Economic Sustainability: Brajendra Mishra1; Warren Hunt2; 1Colorado School of Mines; 2Executive Director, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society As the enabler of technologies and industrial growth, materials play a pivotal role in global economic sustainability. The current global materials consumption by one estimate is over twelve billion metric tonnes and is expected to reach twenty billion by the middle of this century. This presentation will summarize the findings and recommendations pertaining to resource, recovery and recycling of materials and will focus on optimum engineering solutions to achieve economic, environmental and energy sustainability in manufacturing. These integrated manufacturing solutions to challenges for green economy encompass several interrelated areas, such as the transportation, energy, recycling, housing, food, water, and health sectors. Nonrenewable materials recovery and recycling are the primary needs to sustain green economy. Specific information will be included on the nucleus of a consensus definition of sustainability as it applies to materials engineering to provide a common basis for deliberation.
2:30 PM Invited Innovative Developments in Steel Industry to Address Global Environmental Trends: Debashish Bhattacharjee1; 1Tata Steel Research Development & Technology The global trends in environment are characterized by scarcity: Scarcity of water, energy and raw materials. As the world population is forecasted to increase enormously, the pressure is put on finding sustainable solutions for energy and clean water for the increasing population. Sustainable energy solutions include exploiting renewable energy sources that will not contribute to the climate change. It also means reducing energy consumption and eliminating wastes. This paper presents examples of innovative development work carried out in Tata Steel to address the global trends in environment.When it comes to renewable energy resources, solar energy is emerging as the most promising source. Work is carried out worldwide to find effective and affordable technologies for harvesting this uninterrupted energy source. Tata Steel is working on advanced technology for harvesting solar energy efficiently.
2:50 PM Invited Recent Development of Materials for Green Energy in Korea: Soon Young Hwang1; Jin- Hong Kim1; 1RIST For the last few years, intensive materials developments for green energy have been made in Korea. In this presentation, recent progresses of developments will be presented including Si, SiC materials and sodium sulfur batteries, and Li-ion battery materials in Korea. For photovoltaics, poly-silicon is the major material, and several new plants have recently been constructed employing the Siemens process. However, a new economical silicone production is being developed such as a metallurgical method. For SiC materials, grand new projects have been initiated to develop semiconducting SiC materials with a number of institutions using various industrial methods. For a energy storage system (ESS), sodium sulfur battery, Li-ion battery, and redox flow battery developments have been also started to reach more than 1 MW generating capacity. Finally, government road maps of green energy materials developments will be shown as a summary.
3:10 PM Invited Developing High Performance Steels in a Green Economy: Chengjia Shang1; Yuqing Weng2; 1University of Sicence and Technology Beijing; 2The Chinese Sciety for Metals Reduce, reuse and recycle are the principles for eco-material which will be fundamental of green economy in future. Steel has many advantages, but the metallurgical processes generally relates with resource and energy consumption, CO2 emission, etc. Therefore, how to reduce the consumption of steel would be key issue for green economy, especially in the developing country. In China, with the developing of economy in the past 30 years, steel production is increasing more and more. However, comparing with the developed country, the annual consumption for population is still very low. Therefore, reducing steel requirement by increasing strength and other performance will be the only route for meeting the growing requirement of steel. With the R&D projects aiming to double strength, prolong the life serving time and upgrade safety/durability of steels which funded by goverment and industries, high performance steels have been developed for fast development of economy in China.
3:30 PM Invited An Alternative Approach to Sustainable, Low-Carbon Energy: Inertial Fusion Energy and its Materials Challenges: Tomás Díaz de la Rubia1; 1Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Increasing worldwide demand for energy is placing enormous pressure on natural resources, the global ecosystem, and international political stability. Alternative sources of energy are required in order to meet increased energy demand, stabilize the increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and mitigate the concomitant climate change. In response to this challenge, governments are urgently trying to develop new economical, sustainable, and environmentally friendly energy technologies. In fact, meeting CO2 targets and clean energy goals by 2050 requires accelerated development, prototyping, and deployment of new, competitive, low-carbon energy technologies. Business as usual will not do. In this contribution, I will describe how advances and progress at the National Ignition Facility help enable the development and commercial deployment of Inertial Fusion Energy. The NIF is expected to achieve thermonuclear ignition and burn of at DT fuel mixture before the end of 2012.
3:50 PM Break
4:05 PM Invited Metals, Materials and the Environment: Ranjit Panigrahi1; 1M.N. Dastur & Company(P) Ltd Metals and materials play a dominant role in the overall global socio-economic development. Increasingly exacting demands for newer, high quality materials with special properties and high degree of performance reliability have rapidly impacted the perspective pertaining to engineering and technology, and have, in turn, changed the concept and perception of metallurgy in recent times. Once largely confined to the development of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, stringent application requirement have today encompassed newer fields such as glass, ceramics, polymers and composites. Metal today are a part of the vast spectrum of engineering materials. This has widened the scope and opportunities for new generations of materials scientists and engineers. The role of materials scientists in improving the quality of life of our planet, without significantly impacting its environment, have assumed greater importance, and has become one of the most discussed issues.
4:25 PM Invited A Strategy of Metal Supply for Sustainable Development and Supporting Technologies for It in Japan: Takashi Nakamura1; A. Inaba2; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; 2Major of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering What are the most serious environmental issues in this century? There are, of course, several answers which depend on personality. ¡°Global Warming, Climate Change¡± is expected as a most average answer. It is no doubt to be serious. Another answer is also to supply foods and water. These problems are also essential to keep lives. And I would like to add one more to them, which is a stable sustainable supply of mineral resources because most human beings live in the circumstances which are mainly consist of artificial products including many metallic products. So, we are living in natural environment with artificial circumstances. We can¡¯t return to old historical lives. How we can success to do harmonious coexistence between keeping environment and economic growth, which is a trade off relation very often.
4:45 PM Invited Multi-Eye Approach for Clarification of Surface/Interface Phenomena in Environment and Energy Materials: Kotobu Nagai1; 1National Institute for Materials Science Key issues of environment and energy materials are muliti-phase, noneqilibrium, non-steady processes at surface/interface of functional materials. NIMS-GREEN(Global Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials Science) is a national project of compact size with the mission to explore new methodology for solution of the key issues above-mentioned. The convergence of three research fields of materials process,characterization and computation is a basic structure and they are developing various " Environment Cells" to in-situ simulate the real action of surface/interface with various characterization equipments. The model computation will be applied to recognize the real phenomena using the experimental data.
5:05 PM Invited Aluminium Production, Manufacturing and Recycling in Australia – Materials Innovation for a Clean Energy Future: Malcolm Couper1; 1Monash University According to the Australian Aluminium Council (AAC) Sustainability Report for 2010, bauxite production reached a record 71.5mill tonnes and additional value was added with the production of 20.3mill tonnes of alumina and close to 2mill tonnes of aluminium. CO2 emissions per ton of aluminium were down 10% from 2009. Around 80% of the alumina and aluminium production is exported and the industry provides direct and indirect employment for around 45,000 people in Australia. The potential rising cost of carbon and possible uncertainty in the allocation of permits and future carbon trading present risks to emission-intensive trade exposed (EITE) industries. Some of the innovative materials developments under way in support of the necessary changes to the aluminium industry in Australia and globally, will be described.
5:25 PM Invited Natural Fiber Composites – Significant Contribution to a Green Economy: Sergio Monteiro1; Marc-Andre Meyers2; João Carlos Miguez Suarez2; 1State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro - UENF; 2Military Institute of Engineering;Brazilian Association for Metallurgy, Materials and Mining Technological expansion supported by advanced materials, mainly those synthetic and nonrenewable, is contributing not only to the global industrial growth, but also to a continuous deterioration in our environmental conditions. All over the world, attention is being focused on the development and application of eco-friendly materials as steps taken toward a green economy. Natural fibers obtained from cellulose-based plants are typical examples of environmentally correct materials. Reinforcement of polymer composites with these lignocellulosic fibers is increasingly regarde as a viable alternative to synthetic fiber reinforcement. Biocomposites found in nature are also being investigated as model for new industrial materials with superior properties. This work presents an overview of the research efforts to develop stronger natural composites as well as their already existing successful industrial applications. In addition to technological advantages, the worldwide economical, social and environmental contribution of these natural composites to a ¡°green¡± society is assessed. |